When purchasing electronic components, one important parameter is temperature, which is divided into working temperature and storage temperature. So, what is the range for each parameter? What would happen if it were not at this temperature? Below, I will lead everyone to have a general understanding of temperature knowledge.

We often hear or see commercial grade, automotive grade, industrial grade, and so on. In fact, the level of electronic components mainly refers to their operating temperature range, as follows:

Civil grade: -10 ℃~60 ℃

Commercial grade: 0 ℃~70 ℃

Industrial grade: -40 ℃~85 ℃

Automotive grade: -40 ℃~125 ℃

Military grade: -55 ℃~125 ℃

It should be noted that military grade is mainly reflected in limit indicators, but power consumption is often higher than commercial and civilian. In addition, it is also reflected in the workmanship.

The above are the working temperature levels of electronic components, so crystal oscillator products are also part of electronic components. Is the temperature the same? The working temperature range and level of crystal oscillator products are as follows:

1. Civil grade crystal oscillator: Working temperature range -20 ℃? 70 ℃, the chips are mainly domestically produced, with good stability, mass production, low cost, and fast delivery speed. They are generally used in toys, small appliances, and consumer electronics products that are sensitive to cost and do not require high stability (neutral printing products in the electronic market are mostly of this type)

2. Industrial grade crystal oscillator: Working temperature range is -40 ℃? 85 ℃, the chips are mainly imported, and some are also domestically produced. They have higher stability than civilian grade crystal oscillators, strong shock resistance, meet industrial site usage standards, high cost, and fast delivery speed. They are widely used in industrial control boards, automotive electronic equipment, medical equipment, various instruments and meters, and other electronic products that are prone to external instability, relatively harsh or difficult to locate working environments.

3. Automotive grade crystal oscillator: Working temperature range -40 ℃? 125 ℃ (-40 ℃~105 ℃), its main performance is similar to industrial grade crystal oscillators. The difference is that the control panel near the car engine has stricter requirements for working temperature and shock level, requiring crystal oscillator manufacturers to pass TS16949 system certification and products to pass IEC-Q100 certification. However, the requirements for rear mounted products such as car navigation, Bluetooth, multimedia, and driving recorders are relatively less stringent, After all, it does not affect driving safety (such products are generally not in stock and need to be produced according to specific specifications), and long-term product stability, working temperature testing, and other tests are required

4. Military grade crystal oscillator: Working temperature range is -40 ℃? 150 ℃, with extremely high stability requirements, meets the standards for military GJB practical use on site, has a long delivery cycle, and is mainly used in various weapons and military equipment control systems. In most cases, to ensure quality, each crystal oscillator needs to undergo long-term reliability testing or even extreme destructive testing, so the cost is high (such products are generally not in stock and need to be produced according to requirements, with very strict requirements, but in small quantities).

From the initial meaning of level, it refers to the working temperature range and the ability to adapt to temperature changes. However, this involves different processes (such as packaging methods), materials, and inherent power consumption.

Therefore, the initial differences in technology were also aimed at achieving different working temperature ranges, such as commercial and industrial grade using plastic or resin packaging, military grade using ceramic packaging, completely to adapt to different working temperature ranges.

In fact, most manufacturers of commercial and industrial grade devices use the same process and produce on the same production line. After passing the industrial grade indicator test, the products are labeled with the industrial grade model as industrial grade products for sale.

What would be the effect of using crystal oscillators that exceed the operating temperature? We all know that there are two frequency differences in the parameters of crystal oscillator products. One is the room temperature frequency difference (25 ℃), and the other is the temperature frequency difference (working temperature, such as -40~85 ℃). If a crystal oscillator operates at a normal temperature of -20 ℃~70 ℃, using it at a working temperature of -40 ℃~85 ℃ will result in a larger frequency difference, which will not work properly. Even if it can be used reluctantly, it will also shorten the lifespan of the crystal oscillator product. Therefore, when purchasing crystal oscillator products, It is necessary to accurately understand the working temperature of the application range to avoid purchasing crystal oscillator products with incorrect and unsuitable working temperature ranges, which may lead to an increase in product defect rate and cause complaints!